Decius Iubellius Has His Appointment With Fate

Philosophers and theologians have often pondered whether, or to what extent, wicked deeds are punished within the lifetime of a malefactor.  Some maintain that the consequences of evil actions can never be avoided, and that, sooner or later, divine retribution will be visited upon him who offends the gods of justice.  Others take a different position, and hold that punishment for the commission of foul acts is a purely random occurrence.  Some men, they say, arrive at their appointment with Fate, while others seem to lead charmed lives, escaping justice while walking through life’s raindrops.  As for which view is correct, no man can know.  For my own part I tend to subscribe to the belief that wicked deeds always exact a certain price from their authors.  That price may be postponed, or deferred, or placed in arrears, or hidden from the view of others; but the levy nevertheless weighs on the soul of the malefactor, and steadily corrodes it from within.   

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The Enmity Of Poets Is The Worst Of Acquisitions

Buried in the learned and fecund pages of Ibn Khallikan (IV.43) is an amusing tale of an impoverished poet of medieval Sicily.  Who will object to its retelling? 

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The Musa Brothers Confirm The Measurement Of The Earth’s Circumference

Enthusiasts of the history of science are familiar with the ingenious method used by the ancient Greek scientist Eratosthenes to measure the Earth’s circumference.  Briefly described, he measured the angle of a shadow cast by a stake driven into the ground at midday in the Egyptian city of Alexandria.  He compared this to the fact that, at the same time, a stake located far to the south at Cyene, Egypt cast no shadow at all.  Knowing from geometry that alternate interior angels are equal, he was able to calculate the number of degrees on the Earth’s spherical surface between Cyene and Alexandria, and from this, to produce a number for the sphere’s circumference.

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Purgation

The Roman writer Aulus Gellius (X.8) relates an interesting anecdote about his country’s military punishments in olden times.  He says that if a soldier committed some offense, he would be “bled”:  that is, he would be subjected to a ritualistic opening of a vein and be forced to lose some blood.

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As I Found Him, So Did I Leave Him

There is an anecdote told about the Athenian commander Iphicrates during the time his forces were defending the city of Corinth from 393 to 391 B.C. 

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On Prepared And Extemporaneous Speeches

We will discuss the preparation and delivery of the prepared and the extemporaneous speech.  I find that, in reviewing the vast corpus of writing about this subject, most authors have devoted their attentions to abstract theories and didactic classifications, instead of practical and effective advice.  My comments here are not intended to be an exhaustive study of the art of speech-making; they are meant only to suggest what methods have worked well for me in twenty-five years of trial work before the bar.   

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The Ovation Givers

The lawyer and epistolarian Pliny the Younger, in his correspondence with a friend, vented his anger on the sycophantic atmosphere surrounding certain courts of his era.  The centumviral courts—so called because they were composed of pools of one hundred men (centum viri)—were courts of equity dealing primarily with civil matters.  Offended by the insolence and effrontery of the practitioners and advocates before the bar who had no respect for tradition and decency, Pliny writes:

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Courage And Cacozelia

Vasili Nikitich Mitrokhin was a Soviet intelligence officer who first began work for his country’s security services in the late 1940s.  During the 1950s, he was sent on various overseas missions; but he was apparently ill-suited to field work, and was reassigned to a desk job as an archivist. 

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Four Factors Affecting The Credibility Of An Argument

The rhetorician Quintilian, in his study of the orator’s education (IV.2.52), stated that there were four factors affecting the credibility of a forensic argument.  By forensic argument, we mean a speech or writing that examines past events and evidence in order to evaluate culpability.

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Certainty And Reasonable Probability Are Totally Different Things

The Stoic philosopher Ariston of Chios was said to have believed strongly that the wise man should avoid making absolute judgments.  Certitude, he felt, was neither possible nor desirable. 

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