How Did Ancient Texts Become Lost?

The student of classical antiquity’s literary monuments may find himself perplexed by the relative paucity of its surviving examples.  How could it be, we may wonder, that such a large corpus of celebrated works slipped, nearly unnoticed in the passage of centuries, into oblivion?  Why is it that so many writings held in universally high regard exist today only in fragmentary or mutilated form?  How could these tragedies of indifference and neglect have been permitted?  By what processes are classics “lost”?  These are worthy and difficult questions.  They can be answered; but the answers are unsettling, and carry implications very modern in their relevance. 

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Our Job Is Fighting

Quintus Fulvius Flaccus was a commander and politician of the Roman Republic who ascended to the consulship in 179 B.C.  There is an interesting story about him found in the ancient historians, which we will relate here. 

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The Calculus Of Survival (Podcast)

What are the traits and qualities that enable a man to survive in extreme adversity? How do different factors increase or decrease a man’s odds? And what lessons can be drawn from the experiences of others? We weigh the competing variables, and try to arrive at some conclusions.

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I Was Shipwrecked Even Before Boarding The Ship

A beautiful feature of proverbs and aphorisms is their flexibility of interpretation.  Different readers can find in them varying interpretations based on their own experiences and perceptions.  Some proverbs admit only a narrow degree of interpretive variance; others draw their power from ambiguity, and allow for a broad range of possible meanings.

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The Origin Of A Certain Wedding-Cry

The fifth century Gallo-Roman writer Sidonius Apollinaris, in a letter to his friend Heronius, mentions hearing during his travels the congratulatory shout of “Thalassio” in the streets, theaters, and marketplaces.  An editor’s footnote to the text explains that the exclamation was a standard Roman expression of good wishes to a newlywed couple.

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The Ghosts Of St. Paul Island

St. Paul Island is one of those innumerable specks of land in the northeast Atlantic that are perpetually lashed by frigid wind and wave.  It is located about fifteen miles northeast of Cape North on Cape Breton Island; it is near the Cabot Strait between the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Atlantic Ocean.  In centuries past it hosted residents, but is now uninhabited.

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Swords And Years

There is an anecdote found in Valerius Maximus (VI.2.10) that calls our attention to the difference between the respective powers of raw force and steady patience.  A brutal consul named Cnaeus Carbo was threatening to put the city of Placentia under siege.  He ordered a city magistrate named Marcus Castricius to give him hostages as part of his campaign of destruction. 

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Verdicts Vary With Time

The political philosopher Ibn Zafar, in his masterful treatise Consolation for the Ruler During the Hostility of his Subjects, states as follows:

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On The Impudence Of Servants

There is an unintentionally amusing passage in a letter Petrarch sent to his brother Gherardo in 1349.  In it, the harried scholar pours out his frustration at the antagonistic and insulting behavior of his servants:

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On The Collapse Of Friendship

Some of our most painful experiences can be the unexpected dissolution of friendships once thought to be robust and dependable.  The memories of shared joys persist, troubling our consciences with conflicting and perplexing emotions.  How did the collapse happen?  What degree of culpability do I share in this outcome?  What, if anything, might have been done differently?  These thoughts, and many more like them, haunt and oppress our retrospective inquiries.

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