When Courage Is Needed, Someone Always Has To Go First

It has been said that both courage and cowardice are contagious.  This is certainly true, as anyone who has spent time with a group engaged in some kind of enterprise knows well.  Courageous or cowardly actions always begin with one man; his example, witnessed by the rest of the group, is like a firebrand thrown on dried kindling.  And it has precisely the same effect.

Continue reading

James Madison And Abraham Lincoln: Contrasts In Wartime Leadership

It will be useful to compare the leadership styles of two wartime American presidents of the nineteenth century.  James Madison was president during the War of 1812, while Abraham Lincoln occupied the office of chief executive during the American Civil War.  The first of these must be counted a failure as a wartime commander-in-chief, while the second was able to prosecute his nation’s most terrible conflict to a successful conclusion.  What qualities enabled one to emerge triumphant, and the other to suffer the indignity of failure, we will now examine.

Continue reading